Moth Magic

The flutter of paper-thin wings by your ear as you walk at dusk; large groups, called “eclipses,” drawn to the porch light; an individual flitting leaf to leaf in your garden to lay her eggs. Though some kinds are quite common, moths often go unnoticed. 

Moths are closely related to butterflies, in the Lepidoptera family. While we might think of them as mostly small, drab, and nocturnal (active at night), moths are actually incredibly diverse! There are around 12,000 species in North America, and scientists have categorized them into groups with interesting names – such as carpets, tigers, hawks, quakers, daggers, and darts – based on how they look and move.

Some moths are big and brightly colored with intricate patterns on their wings and body, like the Cecropia and Luna moths pictured here. Some species are diurnal (active during the day) and may be mistaken for butterflies, and while many are nocturnal, others fly the line between night and day as crepuscular creatures. Like butterflies, moths undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to caterpillar before pupating and emerging as a winged adult. 

How do we tell moths and butterflies apart? Antennae are a good place to start. Butterflies have thin, straight antennae with club-like tips while moths have thicker, feathery antennae. Another clue is how each holds their wings when resting – butterflies usually holding theirs together vertically above their bodies, and moths usually in a tent-like shape over their abdomens. Additionally, butterflies tend to have a more streamlined body shape while moths tend to be thicker and sturdier, often covered in fine hairs.

Even the most nondescript moth is fascinating upon closer inspection. Take a moment to appreciate their unique beauty and behaviors. You could even join in National Moth Week if you’re feeling especially excited to explore more moths!