Happy spring! March 20th, the spring equinox, marked the official first day of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. Looking for outdoor activity ideas this spring? Four Winds has created a guide with play prompts, materials to have on hand, recommended gear, and non-fiction and fiction books. What will you try?!
Here is the perspective of Becca Holbrook, a teacher of young children at the Addison County Parent Child Center:
As the snow continues to melt in early March, multiple children have taken interest in finding worms, centipedes, spiders, chipmunks and birds in their environment. We teachers decided to encourage their curiosity by creating a lesson to continue to grow children’s interest in observing different types of birds.
To begin, teachers read ”The Little Book of Woodland Bird Songs” by Andrea Pinnington and Caz Buckingham to encourage mindfulness both inside and outside of the classroom. Teachers talked with children about how their bodies felt when listening and concentrating on each individual bird sound.
Quickly it was discovered through conversations that the majority of children observe birds high in the sky. When we wondered how to get them to be closer so we could observe them better, the youngsters had many ideas. The kids decided that using binoculars and building a bird feeder would help our observations. Teachers gathered birdseed, plastic bags, pinecones from a Fall adventure, sun butter, butter knives, string. It was a joyful mess! And when we were done, we hung the feeders on a tree across from the playground so we could see them.
In addition to children making connections to the natural world, this project also provided lots of opportunity to focus on their social emotional development.
The children engaged in conflict resolution, problem solving, taking turns, safety awareness, and impulse control. The activity required a lot of children’s planning and sequencing, both in the broad plan and in the individual activity.
Many interesting conversations and other activities grew from this particular subject – with kids spending hours engaged in imaginative dramatic play, being curious about the habitats of other animals, and drawing spiders and other bugs.
Migratory birds are returning and it’s time to tune into their first songs of spring! Try putting on “Deer Ears” – cupping your hands behind your ears to listen to the sounds in front of you and cupping your hands in front of your ears to listen to sounds behind you. Do you notice a difference?
Pay attention for three of our earliest bird songs, listed below. When do you hear them first this year? Keep a record to compare what you observe year to year and to compare to other local phenology projects, for example Burlington City Nature Clock.
Conk-la-REE! sings the Red-winged Blackbird.
Maids, maids, maids, put on your tea kettle-ettle-ettle-ettle-ettle sings the Song Sparrow.
Readle-eak! sings the Common Grackle.
Magentas mark early spring. Be on the lookout for these brief bright bursts before spring has painted the full palette.
Have you ever looked at bare deciduous trees in winter and wondered how to identify them without leaves? In schools around the region this winter, many Nature Program students explored the buds and bark of trees, and practiced keying out species.
Buds with their distinctive size, shape, color, texture and orientation can help us solve the mystery of which tree is which. Bark color and pattern, as well as other special features like the presence of thorns or retaining some dry leaves in winter (oak, beech), also give us important clues. Grayson, a fourth grader at Barstow Memorial School in Chittenden shared her experience: “We had a certain branch, and we found the tree that it went to. I think mine might have been hawthorn…wait no it didn’t have thorns. The tree didn’t have leaves [like young beech], so it must have been birch.” Grayson went on to say, “We get to learn science in the middle of the day, and it’s really fun. We learn things we didn’t know about nature. I want to learn how to identify leaves in the springtime!”
Despite appearances of being dead in winter, deciduous trees are very much alive. Their buds will turn into new leaves, flowers, and shoots as the increasing sunshine and warmth of spring induces them to open. In the meantime, they serve as a nutritious food source for animals in winter. Deer, moose, rabbits and hares subsist on winter twigs; porcupines, squirrels, and grouse eat buds as part of their diets as well. Keep an eye out for signs of browsing as you try to identify trees!
Walking, flying, catapulting, or perhaps snug in a cocoon, a gall, eggs, or even your home, arthropods are all around us in winter. Arthropods are animals whose bodies are covered with a tough outer shell, an exoskeleton. This exoskeleton is divided into segments that allow the critter to move. Arthropods include not only insects, but also centipedes, crustaceans (e.g. crayfish, sowbugs, fairy shrimp), and arachnids (e.g. spiders, ticks, and mites).
Be on the lookout for arthropods this winter with a game of bingo! Download the bingo board here and look below for a description of the arthropods on the board. Check out other arthropods on the snow in the iNaturalist project and explore other bingo boards here.
Green spider
The Green Long-jawed Orbweaver are also known as “stretch spiders” – they can straighten themselves into a thin line with four legs in front and four legs in back.
Male spider with enlarged pedipalps
Male spiders have punching glove-like bulbous pedipalps (small projections from mouth) they use to transfer sperm.
Flying Arthropod
Male winter crane flies form bouncy swarms when it is above freezing.
Cocoon
Cecropia caterpillars overwinter in a silken three-inch long tan cocoon that they attach lengthwise to a branch or stem.
Eggs
The flightless female rusty tussock moth lays up to several hundred eggs on top of her empty cocoon.
Snow Fleas
Snow fleas are a type of springtail and can catapult themselves 100 times their body length. These 1/16-of-an-inch long creatures look like pepper on snow on warm days and are active year-round in the leaf litter.
Gall
Goldenrod Ball Gall Fly larvae spend the winter in ball-shaped galls (abnormal plant growths that house and provide food for a variety of insects).
Arthropod inside
Asian Lady Beetles congregate in warm spots inside during the winter. They can be red to orange and have 0-22 black spots.
Silk and leaf shelter
The larva of the Pine Tube Moth use silk and several pine needles to form their tubular home. They feed on the tips of the tube’s needles and overwinter as a pupa inside the tube.
The world is full of little hearts.
Each one a sign of love.
Some are found upon the ground.
Some are up above.
-Little Hearts: Finding Hearts in Nature by Charles Ghigna
Get ready for Valentine’s Day with a read aloud Little Hearts: Finding Hearts in Nature and a search for hearts outdoors. Also try crafting your own hearts!
Today is the halfway point between the winter solstice and the spring equinox – Imbolc – the Gaelic traditional festival that marks the beginning of spring. Here’s an early sign of spring to look for now: marks of red and yellow liquid against the snow. Elongated oval tracks with fine claw marks nearby give a clue to who left the marks. What is the story?
Coyotes are now in the peak of their breeding season. The red mark is the female coyote’s urine tinged with blood – a sign that she is coming into estrus. A female coyote is in estrus for only two to five days in a year, but courtship often begins two to three months prior. The yellow mark is likely a male scent marking with urine. Usually the female initiates the scent-marking, and the male will smell her urine and add his own. At this time of year, also keep an ear out for duet coyote howling!
Here is the perspective of David Rodgers, Nature Program volunteer for 27 years at Lakeview Elementary School in Greensboro, VT:
“I vaguely recall joining this nature study program around 1995, at the same time I started other volunteer activities at the Lakeview Elementary School in Greensboro, Vermont. Susan Sawyer was our excellent teacher and four towns were covered (Greensboro, Walden, Craftsbury, and Woodbury).
I have enjoyed connecting kids to the endlessly amazing world of nature here in Vermont, and have simultaneously expanded my own personal knowledge greatly. The hands-on approach and getting children outside is very effective, as the more of our senses are used, the better we remember. To see and encourage the curiosity and enthusiasm of students to learn about plants and animals as well as the energetic forces all around us is a constant delight and hopefully will be formative experiences for their later lives. Teaching the scientific way of observing, experimenting and thinking is particularly important in developing the kind of critical intelligence and ability to question everything necessary to becoming a responsible citizen in a functioning democracy and a well informed problem solver.”
“I try to do a Forest Friday where we go out and explore the woods. I have a spot that I found on our nature trail around the school, and it’s a fun space for kids to explore. So we’ll go there and I have little flags that I set up for boundaries and then we just let them play. There are no toys, it’s just nature. We try to do that once a week. The Forest Friday is for a few hours in the morning … but I’ve found that even just having an hour or an hour and a half outside is fun. I call it the adventure walk, and they just love it.
There are a lot [of benefits], but one of the biggest is that they are learning to play using their imagination, more so than using fancy toys that you might have in your classroom. Being able to use your imagination like that is really important for developing higher-level thinking, higher-level brain functioning. When kids are doing that, in their pretend play out in the woods, and they’re having to maintain in their brain things like – this stick is actually a fishing pole, and that rock is a fish – there is lots going on there that’s really great for their development. Also I think experiencing nature like that helps them appreciate nature more as they grow older. It’s the best way for them to learn about science. Today they were putting snow in water to see what would happen. I could teach all day about how water will melt snow in my classroom, but they are doing it, and they’re going to remember that.”
–Sybren Spensley, Rutland Town School Pre-K
